Vacuum pumping by mechanical means is the most traditional and common method of vacuum generation. It primarily relies on mechanical forces (such as rotation or reciprocating motion) to generate suction, thereby drawing out the gas in a container or space to lower the pressure.

Working Principle
Mechanical pumps are usually composed of one or more rotors that rotate within the pump body, where the rotating motion is used to suck and discharge gas. When the rotor rotates, it creates a low-pressure area within the pump body, which attracts gas from the container or space into the pump body. The gas is then carried by the rotor to the high-pressure area and discharged from the pump.

Application scenarios
Mechanical vacuum pumps are widely used in research, medical, industrial and other fields. For example, in laboratories, mechanical pumps are often used to draw gas out of reaction vessels, distillation flasks and other containers; in the medical field, they are used to draw air out of medicine bottles and syringes; in industrial production, mechanical pumps are often used to draw gas out of large containers or pipelines.

Advantages and disadvantages.
The advantage of mechanical vacuum pumps is that their structure is simple, operation is convenient, and maintenance costs are lower. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as relatively slow pumping speed and poor adaptability to certain specific gases (such as corrosive gases). In addition, mechanical pumps generate certain noise and vibration during operation, which may affect some precision experiments or production environments.

Diffusion pump vacuum

Diffusion pump vacuum is a method of vacuum drawing that utilizes the principle of gas molecule diffusion. It mainly relies on the diffusion movement of gas molecules between high-pressure and low-pressure regions to achieve vacuum drawing.

Working Principle
The diffusion pump consists of a heated diffusion chamber and a cooled collection chamber. When the diffusion chamber is heated, the gas molecules within it will gain enough energy to diffuse outwards. Due to the pressure difference between the diffusion chamber and the collection chamber, gas molecules tend to diffuse towards the collection chamber. In the collection chamber, the gas molecules are cooled and condense into liquid or solid, thus achieving vacuum.

Application scenarios
The diffusion pump is widely used in scientific research and high-tech fields for vacuum drawing. For example, in the manufacture of semiconductors, optical instruments, and vacuum coating, the diffusion pump is often used to create a high vacuum environment. In addition, when extremely high vacuum is needed in scientific experiments, the diffusion pump is also an important choice.

Advantages and disadvantages.
The advantage of diffusion pump vacuum is that it can achieve very high vacuum levels, and it has excellent performance in extracting certain specific gases, such as hydrogen and oxygen. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as a complex structure, high operating and maintenance costs, and the need to consume a lot of energy for heating and cooling processes. Additionally, when operating a diffusion pump, it is important to prevent the entry of oil vapor and other contaminants, as this can affect its vacuum performance.

Molecular Pump Vacuum
Molecular pump vacuum is a method of removing gas molecules from the inlet to the outlet and expelling them from the pump by using a rotor that rotates at high speed. It primarily relies on the interaction between gas molecules and the surface of the rotor to achieve vacuum.

Working Principle
A molecular pump consists of a rotor that rotates at high speed and a stationary stator. When the rotor rotates, it creates a high-speed gas flow channel within the pump body. Gas molecules passing through this channel collide with the surface of the rotor and are carried out of the pump at the exit. Due to the high speed of the rotor, the gas molecules have a very short residence time within the pump, which enables efficient vacuum drawing.

Application scenarios
Molecular pumps are widely used in applications where high vacuum and high pumping speed are required. For example, in semiconductor manufacturing, vacuum coating, and space simulation experiments, molecular pumps are often used to create high vacuum environments. In addition, when high vacuum and high pumping speed are required in scientific experiments, molecular pumps are an important choice.

Advantages and disadvantages.
The advantage of molecular pump vacuum is that it can achieve high vacuum degree and high pumping speed, and its vacuum extraction effect is good for most gases. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as complex structure, high manufacturing cost, and the need for regular maintenance. In addition, molecular pump needs to be careful when working to prevent the entry of particulate matter and other contaminants, otherwise it will affect its vacuum extraction effect and life.